| Siphlophis longicaudatus | Siphlophis |
| Siphlophis pulcher | Siphlophis |
| Siphonops hardyi | Siphonops |
| Solanum capoerum | Solanum |
| Sordellina punctata | Sordellina |
 Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii | Sphaenorhynchus |
 Sphaenorhynchus orophilus | Sphaenorhynchus |
 Sphaenorhynchus planicola | Sphaenorhynchus |
 Sphaenorhynchus prasinus | Sphaenorhynchus |
 Sphaenorhynchus surdus | Sphaenorhynchus |
 Spondias venulosa | Spondias |
| Stenocercus sinesaccus | Stenocercus |
| Stenolepis ridleyi | Stenolepis |
 Stephanoxis lalandi | Stephanoxis |
 Stereocyclops incrassatus | Stereocyclops |
| Stereocyclops parkeri | Stereocyclops |
| Sternarchorhynchus mesensis | Sternarchorhynchus |
 Strobilurus torquatus | Strobilurus |
| Taeniophallus affinis | Taeniophallus |
| Taeniophallus bilineatus | Taeniophallus |
| Taeniophallus persimilis | Taeniophallus |
| Taeniophallus quadriocellatus | Taeniophallus |
 Tangará-rajado | Machaeropterus |
| Telebasis igapocola | Telebasis |
 Thamnodynastes almae | Thamnodynastes |
| Thamnodynastes longicaudus | Thamnodynastes |
| Thamnodynastes sertanejo | Thamnodynastes |
 Thoropa miliaris | Thoropa |
| Thoropa saxatilis | Thoropa |
 Tiriba-de-deville | Tiriba |
 Topetinho-vermelho | Lophornis |
| Trachycephalus atlas | Trachycephalus |
 Trachycephalus imitatrix | Trachycephalus |
| Trachycephalus mambaiensis | Trachycephalus |
 Trachycephalus mesophaeus | Trachycephalus |
 Trachycephalus nigromaculatus | Trachycephalus |
| Trilepida brasiliensis | Trilepida |
| Trilepida fuliginosa | Trilepida |
 Trilepida koppesi | Trilepida |
| Trilepida salgueiroi | Trilepida |
 Tropidodryas serra | Tropidodryas |
 Tropidodryas striaticeps | Tropidodryas |
| Tropidophis paucisquamis | Tropidophis |
| Tropidurus itambere | Tropidurus |
 Tropidurus oreadicus | Tropidurus |
 Tropidurus semitaeniatus | Tropidurus |
| Tupinambis longilineus | Teiú |
| Tupinambis quadrilineatus | Teiú |